India is considered a federal country because it has a federal system of government, which means that power is shared between the central government and the state governments. Some of the key factors that make India a federal country are:
- Division of Powers: The Constitution of India provides for the distribution of powers between the central government and the state governments. The central government has the power to make laws on subjects that are of national importance, while the state governments have the power to make laws on subjects that are of regional importance.
- Dual Polity: India has a dual polity system, where both the central government and the state governments have their own legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
- Written Constitution: India has a written constitution that defines the powers and functions of the central government, state governments, and local governments. The Constitution also provides for the independence of the judiciary.
- Independent Judiciary: India has an independent judiciary that is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and settling disputes between the central government and the state governments.
- Uniformity of Laws: India follows a uniform legal system, where laws are applicable across the country. However, state governments can make minor changes to laws to suit their specific needs.
In summary, India is a federal country because it has a federal system of government, with powers shared between the central government and the state governments. The Constitution of India provides for the distribution of powers between the central government and the state governments, and India has a dual polity system with a written constitution and an independent judiciary.